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Parvovirus infection alters the nucleolar structure

Mattola, S.; Leclerc, S.; Hakanen, S.; Aho, V.; Parrish, C. R.; Vihinen-Ranta, M.

2022-06-07 cell biology
10.1101/2022.06.07.495090 bioRxiv
Show abstract

The nucleolus is a biomolecular condensate essential for ribosome biogenesis and cellular stress response, and it is a key target for many DNA viruses. However, little is known about how autonomous parvovirus infection impacts nucleolar structure and function. Here, we used advanced imaging techniques, including ten-fold robust expansion microscopy (TREx), cryo soft X-ray tomography (Cryo-SXT), and interactomics and biochemical approaches, to study nucleolar remodeling during canine parvovirus infection. Infection led to redistribution of nucleolar upstream binding transcription factor 1 (inner core), fibrillarin (middle layer), and Ki-67 (outer rim). In contrast, peripheral nucleolar proteins (nucleolin and nucleophosmin) and precursor ribosomal RNAs (pre-rRNAs) remain in circularized structures. TREx and Cryo-SXT microscopy revealed profound nucleolar structural changes, including thickened perinucleolar chromatin and enlarged nucleolar low-protein density channels. BioID identified interactions between viral NS2 and nucleolar proteins in ribosome biogenesis. Northern blotting demonstrated a slowdown in ribosome biogenesis during infection. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into how parvoviruses remodel nucleolar structure and function.

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