CaV3.1 T-type calcium channels regulate spatial memory processing in the dorsal subiculum

The dorsal subiculum (dSub) is one of the key structures responsible for the formation of hippocampal memory traces but the contribution of individual ionic currents to its cognitive function is not well studied. Although we recently reported that low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-channels) are crucial for the burst firing pattern regulation in the dSub pyramidal neurons, their potential role in learning and memory remains unclear. Here we used in vivo local field potential recordings and miniscope calcium imaging in freely behaving mice coupled with pharmacological and genetic tools to address this gap in knowledge. We show that the CaV3.1 isoform of T-channels is critically involved in controlling neuronal activity in the dSub in vivo. Altering burst firing pattern by inhibiting T-channel activity markedly affects calcium dynamics, synaptic plasticity, neuronal oscillations and phase-amplitude coupling in the dSub, thereby disrupting spatial learning. These results provide a crucial causative link between the CaV3.1 channels, burst firing activity of dSub neurons and memory processing, thus further supporting the notion that changes in neuronal excitability regulate memory trace formation. We posit that subicular CaV3.1 T-channels could be a promising novel drug target for cognitive disorders.