Single cell atlas of the neonatal small intestine with necrotizing enterocolitis
Egozi, A.; Olaloye, O.; Werner, L.; Silva, T.; McCourt, B.; Pierce, R.; An, X.; Wang, F.; Chen, K.; Pober, J.; Shouval, D.; Itzkovitz, S.; Konnikova, L.
Show abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a gastrointestinal complication of premature infants with high rates of morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive view of the cellular changes and aberrant interactions that underlie this disease is lacking. Here, we combine single cell RNA sequencing, T Cell Receptor beta (TCR{beta}) analysis, bulk transcriptomics, and imaging to characterize cell identities, interactions and zonal changes in NEC. We find that inflammatory macrophages are abundant in NEC and that T cells exhibit increased expression of inflammatory genes and cytokines accompanied by an increase in TCR{beta} clonal expansion. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells increase in proportion and exhibit a switch to an activated pro-inflammatory state. Villus tip epithelial cell identity is substantially reduced in NEC and the remaining epithelial cells up-regulate pro-inflammatory genes. We establish a detailed map of aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal-immune interactions that may be driving inflammation in NEC mucosa. Our analyses highlight the cellular changes underlying NEC disease pathogenesis and identify potential targets for biomarker discovery and therapeutics.
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