Leukemia-intrinsic determinants of CAR-T response revealed by in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening.
Ramos, A.; Koch, C. E.; Liu, Y.; Hellinger, R. D.; Kyung, T.; Larson, R. C.; Froese, J.; Goulet, D.; Doench, J. G.; Regev, A.; Maus, M. V.; Birnbaum, M. E.; Hemann, M.
Show abstract
CAR-T therapy is a promising new treatment modality for B-cell malignancies. However, the majority of patients inevitably go on to experience disease relapse through largely unknown means. To investigate leukemia-intrinsic CAR-T resistance mechanisms, we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens in an immunocompetent murine model of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) utilizing a novel, modular guide RNA library. We identified IFN{gamma}/JAK/STAT signaling and components of antigen processing and presentation pathway as key mediators of resistance to CAR-T therapy in vivo, but not in vitro. Transcriptional characterization of this model demonstrated an upregulation of these pathways in CAR-T treated relapsed tumors, and examination of data from CAR-T treated patients with B-ALL revealed an association between poor outcomes and increased expression of JAK/STAT/MHC-I in leukemia cells. Overall, our data identify an unexpected mechanism of resistance to CAR-T therapy in which tumor cell interaction with CAR-T cells in vivo induces expression of an adaptive T-cell resistance program in tumor cells.
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