Diversity of Lepidoptera in urban parks at Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia

Urban parks are a valuable habitat for Lepidoptera, which are often neglected despite their potential role as pollinators and important food source for small animals. Lepidoptera in urban parks in Pasir Gudang are still under-studied. Yet, there is no publication on Lepidoptera in these urban parks. The objectives of this study were to determine and to compare the diversity of Lepidoptera in three urban parks (Laman Rekreasi Sungai Buluh, Tasik Dahlia and Taman Bandar) at Pasir Gudang, Johor. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was used to capture the Lepidoptera from February 2021 until April 2021. Four sampling sessions were conducted for each study site. A total of nine species from 117 individuals comprised of family Pieridae (43%), Nymphalidae (29%) and Lycaenidae (28%) were recorded from this study. The most abundant species were Zizula hylax and Elymnias hypermnestra, while Leptosia nina was the least abundant. The results from this study showed that the diversity of Lepidoptera have established in these three urban parks. Diversity of Lepidoptera in Tasik Dahlia was significantly lower compared to the other two study sites. The findings from this study could be useful as a baseline data for future research and conservation management of the order Lepidoptera around the urban parks and indirectly can support the sustainable development of the urban parks.