Genetic and environmental correlations between complex phenotypes differ by race/ethnicity and sex
Elgart, M.; Goodman, M. O.; Isasi, C.; Chen, H.; de Vries, P. S.; Xu, H.; Manichaikul, A. W.; Guo, X.; Franceschini, N.; Psaty, B. M.; Rich, S.; Rotter, J.; Lloyd-Jones, D. M.; Fornage, M.; Correa, A.; Heard-Costa, N. L.; Ramachandran, V.; Hernandez, R.; Kaplan, R. C.; Redline, S.; Sofer, T.
Show abstract
We developed novel closed-form estimators of genetic and environmental correlation coefficients. We applied them to estimate over 4,000 genetic and environmental correlations between multiple phenotypes in a diverse sample from the Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We found substantial differences in heritabilities, genetic, and environmental correlations of multiple phenotypes and phenotype-pairs between Black, Hispanic/Latino and White populations as well as between sexes. Finally, we quantified genetic and environmental correlations between phenotypic domains, each characterized by multiple phenotypes. Altogether we provide a novel, in-depth framework for examining relations among complex human phenotypes and their determinants.
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