Co-aggregation with Apolipoprotein E modulates the function of Amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease
Xia, Z.; Prescott, E.; Leah, T.; Dakin, H.; Dimou, E.; Zuo, Y.; Zhang, Y. P.; Lam, J. Y. L.; Danial, J. S. H.; Jiang, H.; Mortiboys, H. J.; Thornton, P.; Crowther, D. C.; Holtzman, D. M.; Ranasinghe, R. T.; Klenerman, D.; De, S.
Show abstract
Which isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apoE) we inherit determine our risk of developing late-onset Alzheimers Disease (AD), but the mechanism underlying this link is poorly understood. In particular, the relevance of direct interactions between apoE and amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) remains controversial. Here, single-molecule imaging shows that all isoforms of apoE associate with A{beta} in the early stages of aggregation and then fall away as fibrillation happens. ApoE-A{beta} co-aggregates account for [~]50% of the mass of soluble A{beta} aggregates detected in the frontal cortices of homozygotes with the higher-risk APOE4 gene. Our results connect inherited APOE genotype with the risk of developing AD by demonstrating how, in an isoform- and lipidation-specific way, apoE modulates the aggregation, clearance and toxicity of A{beta}. Selectively removing non-lipidated apoE4-A{beta} co-aggregates enhances clearance of toxic A{beta} by glial cells, and reduces inflammation and membrane damage, demonstrating a clear path to AD therapeutics.
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