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Ca2+-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation underlies intracellular Ca2+ stores.

Mayfield, J. E.; Pollak, A. J.; Worby, C. A.; Xu, J. C.; Tandon, V.; Newton, A. C.; Dixon, J. E.

2021-07-06 biochemistry
10.1101/2021.07.06.451223 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores are essential to myriad cellular processes, however, the structure of these stores is largely unknown and existing models do not address all literature observations. We investigate CASQ1 - the major Ca2+ binding protein of skeletal muscle - and discover Ca2+-dependent liquid-liquid phase separation activity. The intrinsic disorder of CASQ1 underlies this activity and is regulated via phosphorylation by the secretory pathway kinase FAM20C. This divalent cation driven condensation demonstrates liquid-liquid phase separation occurs within the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum, mechanistically explains efficient Ca2+ buffering and storage, and represents a largely unexplored mechanism of divalent-cation driven protein association.

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