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Expansion of tissue-resident CD8+ T cells and CD4+ Th17 cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

Ssemaganda, A.; Nguyen, H. M.; Nuhu, F.; Jahan, N.; Card, C. M.; Kiazyk, S.; Severini, G.; Keynan, Y.; Su, R.-C.; Ji, H.; Abrenica, B.; McLaren, P. J.; Ball, B.; Bullard, J.; Van Caeseele, P.; Stein, D.; McKinnon, L.

2021-05-09 immunology
10.1101/2021.05.07.442971 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have shown high efficacy in clinical trials, yet a full immunologic characterization of these vaccines, particularly within the upper respiratory tract, remains lacking. We enumerated and phenotyped T cells in nasal mucosa and blood before and after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (n =21). Tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells expressing CD69+CD103+ expanded [~]12 days following the first and second doses, by 0.31 and 0.43 log10 cells per swab respectively (p=0.058 and p=0.009 in adjusted linear mixed models). CD69+CD103+CD8+ T cells in the blood decreased post-vaccination. Similar increases in nasal CD8+CD69+CD103-T cells were observed, particularly following the second dose. CD4+ Th17 cells were also increased in abundance following both doses. Following stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides, CD8+ T cells increased expression of CD107a and CD154. These data suggest that nasal T cells may be induced and contribute to the protective immunity afforded by this vaccine.

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"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.