IL-10 driven memory T cell survival and Tfh differentiation promote HIV persistence
Pereira Ribeiro, S.; Aid, M.; Dupuy, F. P.; Ngai Chan, C.; Hultquist, J.; Deleage, C.; Moysi, E.; Kulpa, D. A.; Li, L.; Xu, X.; Tamilselvan, B.; Tomalka, J. A.; Nekorchuk, M.; Busman-Sahay, K.; Bordi, R.; Simoneau, C.; Goulet, J. P.; Marconi, V.; Routy, J. P.; Balderas, R.; Micci, L.; J Howell, B.; H Barouch, D.; Krogan, N. J.; Petrovas, C.; Paiardini, M.; Deeks, S.; Estes, J. D.; Gorman, D.; J Hazuda, D.; Sekaly, R.-P.
Show abstract
Mechanisms regulating HIV persistence are complex and not well understood. Increased IL-10 levels were positively associated with HIV reservoir in blood and lymph nodes (LN) of treated HIV aviremic individuals. In LNs, B cells, regulatory T cells, follicular T helper cells (Tfh), monocytes and macrophages contributed to the frequencies of IL10+ cells. Cells with HIV DNA in LNs were in close proximity to IL-10+ cells and/or had the active form of STAT3, the transcription downstream of IL-10. Gene signatures and proteins associated to cell survival, Co-inhibitory receptors expression, maintenance of memory T cells, immune metabolism and Tfh frequencies were all modulated by IL-10 and associated with HIV reservoir persistence. In vitro, STAT3 knockout or neutralization of IL-10, reverted all the aforementioned pathways and resulted in 10-fold decay in HIV reservoir. Collectively, these results provide strong evidence for a pivotal role of IL-10 in HIV persistence, and a potential therapeutic strategy for HIV cure.
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