Spatial model of water quality in Southeast Asian urban lake based on HBI using macrozoobenthos diversity as a proxy

Urban lake is one of ecosystem that has experienced anthropogenic pressures and this can affect its water quality. One of a robust approach to assess the water quality is by using Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI). This tool is quite versatile since it can be applied by using any aquatic organism as proxy including macrozoobenthos. This invertebrate group also has an advantage since it is common and easy to collect. Here this study is first, aiming to provide HBI based water quality spatial model using macrozoobenthos as a proxy applied in urban lake in West Java in Southeast Asia and second to seek the best model that can represent the water quality variables in particular dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and temperature. Based on the spatial model and HBI, either inlet or outlet parts of the lake, it has better water quality in comparison to central parts. Based on HBI values, water quality in inlet and outlet parts (HBI = 6.7) is categorized as fair and poor (HBI = 6.9) for the central parts of the lake. The increase in HBI and decrease in water quality are positively correlated with the increase in water temperature variable in comparison to water DO and pH variables. Akaike model selection confirms that the macrozoobenthos diversity can be used as a proxy for increase in water temperature ({Psi})HBI (~temp)(AIC = -10.264) followed by combination of water temperature increase and decrease in DO({Psi})HBI (~temp+DO)(AIC = -9.042398).