Sustained Interleukin-1β overexpression exacerbates Tau pathology in a murine tauopathy model via cyclooxygenase-1

Pathologic accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles is a hallmark feature of Alzheimers disease and other tauopathies. Interleukin-1{beta} {square}{square}{square} -1{beta}{square} is a major proinflammatory cytokine in the central nervous system that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tauopathies as well as Alzheimers disease. To explore the role of chronic IL-1{beta} overexpression in tauopathies in vivo we used an inducible model of IL-1{beta} overexpression developed in our laboratory. The IL-1{beta} (IL-1) mice bear a transcriptional stop flanked by LoxP elements upstream of a human IL-1{beta} gene. Upon delivery of Cre, the IL-1 transgene is locally activated by excision of the stop sequence. The IL-1 mice were bred to JNPL3 (Tau) mice, which overexpress human tau with the P301L mutation. Expression of IL-1{beta} was induced in the dentate gyrus of 8 to 8.5 month old progeny by stereotaxic injection of FIV-Cre. One and three months later, Tau/IL-1 mice demonstrated 2-4 fold increases in phospho-tau and glial activation. To attenuate IL-1{beta} mediated inflammation, we reduced PGE2 production via pharmacological inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with SC560 in Tau/IL-1 mice, and observed significant reductions in phospho-tau pathology and microglial activation. Further, we found upregulation in active forms of p38MAPK, which was significantly reduced in mice receiving SC560 treatment. Our results demonstrate that IL-1{beta} has a direct exacerbating effect on tau pathology in vivo, and inhibiting COX-1 can reverse this. COX-1 inhibition can therefore serve as a valuable therapeutic strategy for tauopathies with an advanced inflammatory component.