MathFeature: Feature Extraction Package for Biological Sequences Based on Mathematical Descriptors

Machine learning algorithms have been very successfully applied to extract new and relevant knowledge from biological sequences. However, the predictive performance of these algorithms is largely affected by how the sequences are represented. Thereby, the main challenge is how to numerically represent a biological sequence in a numeric vector with an efficient mathematical expression. Several feature extraction techniques have been proposed for biological sequences, where most of them are available in feature extraction packages. However, there are relevant approaches that are not available in existing packages, techniques based on mathematical descriptors, e.g., Fourier, entropy, and graphs. Therefore, this paper presents a new package, named MathFeature, which implements mathematical descriptors able to extract relevant information from biological sequences. MathFeature provides 20 approaches based on several studies found in the literature, e.g., multiple numeric mappings, genomic signal processing, chaos game theory, entropy, and complex networks. MathFeature also allows the extraction of alternative features, complementing the existing packages. Availability and implementationMathFeature is freely available at https://bonidia.github.io/MathFeature/ or https://github.com/Bonidia/MathFeature Contactbonidia@usp.br, rpbonidia@gmail.com