TENT4A non-canonical poly(A) polymerase regulates DNA-damage tolerance via multiple pathways which are mutated in endometrial cancer

TENT4A (PAPD7) is a non-canonical poly(A) polymerase, of which little is known. Here we focus on its multilayer regulation of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), in which DNA lesions are bypassed by error-prone DNA polymerases. We show that TENT4A regulates mRNA stability and/or translation of DNA polymerase {eta} and RAD18 E3 ligase, which guides the polymerase to replication stalling sites, and monoubiquitinates PCNA, thereby enabling recruitment of error-prone DNA polymerases to damaged DNA sites. Remarkably, in addition to the effect on RAD18 mRNA stability via controlling its poly(A) tail, TENT4A indirectly regulates RAD18 via the tumor suppressor CYLD, and via the long non-coding antisense RNA PAXIP1-AS2, which had no known function. Knocking down the expression of TENT4A or CYLD, or overexpression of PAXIP1-AS2 led each to reduced amounts of the RAD18 protein and DNA polymerase {eta}, leading to reduced TLS, highlighting PAXIP1-AS2 as a new TLS regulator. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TLS error-prone DNA polymerase genes and their TENT4A-related regulators are frequently mutated in endometrial cancer genomes, suggesting that TLS is dysregulated in this cancer.