Macrophage aggresome-like induced structures are flexible organizing platforms for immune signaling

Macrophages adopt a pro-inflammatory phenotype in response to environmental challenges in a process that often coincides with the formation of transient cytosolic p62/SQSTM1 inclusions containing ubiquitinated proteins in structures known as aggresome-like induced structures (ALIS). Although described as stress-induced inclusions that accumulate aggregated proteins, little direct evidence supports their hypothesized structural role in the context of immune stimulation. Here, we showed that these structures in primary macrophages are induced by multiple microbialbased ligands, including exposure to cytosolic double-stranded DNA. Rather than accumulating aggregated proteins, we observed that ubiquitinated proteins form a ring-shaped structure around the perimeter of these circular foci. We identified that different microbial stimuli induced the formation of ubiquitin-positive foci with distinct characteristics and we observed selective recruitment of context-dependent immune regulators. Our findings are consistent with a model where these ubiquitin-containing structures act as adaptable organizing centers for innate immune signaling. SUMMARYCharbonneau et al. demonstrate that ubiquitin- and p62-containing cytosolic ring-shaped structures induced by bacterial infections, microbial ligands and cytosolic double-stranded DNA contain context-dependent immune regulators, revealing an important insight on the cellular architecture required to coordinate signal transduction in macrophage.