Cellulosic wall thickenings restrict cell expansion to shape the 3D puzzle sclereids of the walnut shell
Antreich, S. J.; Xiao, N.; Huss, J. C.; Gierlinger, N.
Show abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia) kernels are protected by a tough shell consisting of polylobate sclereids that interlock into a 3D puzzle. The shape transformations from isodiametric to lobed cells is well documented for 2D pavement cells, but not for 3D puzzle sclereids. Here, we tackle the morphogenesis of these cells by using a combination of different imaging techniques. Serial face-microtomy enabled us to reconstruct tissue growth of whole walnut fruits in 3D and serial block face-scanning electron microscopy exposed cell shapes and their transformation in 3D during shell tissue development. In combination with Raman and fluorescence microscopy we revealed multiple loops of cellulosic thickenings in cell walls, acting as stiff restrictions during cell expansion and leading to the lobed cell shape. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the 3D shape transformation of polylobate sclereids and the role of pectin and cellulose within this process.
Matching journals
The top 8 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.
Similar papers in this journal
- Laser Ablation Tomography (LATscan) as a new tool for anatomical studies of woody plants 95%
- Cuticle architecture and mechanical properties: a functional relationship delineated through correlated multimodal imaging 94%
- Axenic in-vitro cultivation of nineteen peat-moss (Sphagnum L.) species as a resource for basic biology, biotechnology and paludiculture 92%
Similar papers in this journal
Similar papers in this journal
- Correlation between plant cell wall stiffening and root extension arrest phenotype in the combined abiotic stress of Fe and Al 94%
- High-resolution metabolite imaging: luteolinidin accumulates at the host-cyanobiont interface during cold-acclimation in Azolla symbioses 92%
- Sieve tube structural variation in Austrobaileya scandens and its significance for lianescence 92%
Similar papers in this journal
- Protocol for mapping the spatial variability in cell wall mechanical bending behavior in living leaf pavement cells 94%
- Arabidopsis XTH4 and XTH9 contribute to wood cell expansion and secondary wall formation 93%
- 3D (x-y-t) Raman imaging of tomato fruit cuticle: microchemistry during development 93%
Similar papers in this journal
- A bench-top dark-root device built with LEGO bricks enables a non-invasive plant root development analysis in soil conditions mirroring nature 93%
- Root System Architecture and Environmental Flux Analysis in Mature Crops using 3D Root Mesocosms 92%
- A comprehensive toolkit for quick and easy visualization of marker proteins, protein-protein interactions and cell morphology in Marchantia polymorpha. 91%
"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.