A structured viral RNA uses molecular mimicry and conformational dynamics to coordinate multiple functions
Bonilla, S.; Sherlock, M.; MacFadden, A.; Kieft, J. S.
Show abstract
Viruses require multifunctional structured RNAs to hijack their hosts biochemistry, but their mechanisms can be obscured by the difficulty of solving conformationally dynamic RNA structures. Using cryo-EM, we visualized the structure of the mysterious viral tRNA-like structure (TLS) from brome mosaic virus (BMV), which affects replication, translation, and genome encapsidation. Structures in isolation and bound to tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) show that this [~]55 kDa purported tRNA mimic undergoes large conformational rearrangements to bind TyrRS in a form that differs dramatically from tRNA. Our studies reveal how viral RNAs can use a combination of static and dynamic RNA structures to bind host machinery through highly noncanonical interactions and highlights the utility of cryo-EM for visualizing small conformationally dynamic structured RNAs.
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