Clinical-epidemiological and treatment characteristics of children with COVID-19 in a tertiary referral center in Peru

IntroductionCOVID-19 pandemic represents a big impact on childrens health, this study describes the behavior of the disease in hospitalized pediatric patients in the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Nino San Borja (INSN-SB). MethodsRetrospective study of patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnostic between March and July 2020. Demographic, clinic, laboratory, radiology and treatment data were collected and for the analysis descriptive statistics were included. ResultsFrom a total of 91 patients. 36.3% (33) were female. The age group who was affected the most were school children with a median age of 4 years old (IQR 1-8). Patients who came from Lima represented 61.5%. Previous contact was determined in 30.8% of the cases. PCR results for SARS CoV-2 were positive in 50.6% of the cases and 49.4% in the quick tests. Comorbidity was present in 53.8% of the cases. Most frequent symptoms were fever (39.6%), general discomfort (23.1%), cough (19.8%) and shortness of breath (14.3%). Presence of MIS-C was confirmed in 6 patients. Use of antibiotics represented 76.9% of the cases. The most frequent radiology pattern was bilateral interstitial (57.7%). Comorbidities were present in 68.2% (15/22) of patients in PICU. From a total of 9 deceased patients, 6 were admitted in PICU and 8 presented associated comorbidities. ConclusionsCOVID-19 in children displays mild and moderate clinical manifestations. A great proportion of patients exhibited comorbidities, especially PICU patients and the ones that died. What is known about the subjectIn pediatric patients, the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 are usually low, however, in the presence of MIS-C, greater severity and probability of admission to the PICU is observed. What this study adds- This study describes the results of complex pediatric patients and the associated comorbidity in LMIC setting that showed greater severity and admission to the ICU. - Microbiological isolates in cultures were low, therefore the initiation of empirical antibiotic therapy is not justified in most cases.