Conditioned Place Preference reveals tonic pain in Octopus
Crook, R. J.
Show abstract
Tonic pain is an ongoing, negative affective state arising from tissue damage or inflammation (1). Because pain is aversive and its relief is innately rewarding, mammals learn to avoid a context in which pain is experienced, and prefer one where pain relief occurs(2, 3). It is generally accepted that vertebrate animals experience pain(4), however, there is currently no compelling evidence that pain occurs in any invertebrate(5). Here we show that octopuses exhibit tonic pain behavior after subcutaneous injection of dilute acetic acid. In conditioned place preference assays, octopuses avoid contexts in which pain was experienced, prefer a location in which they experienced tonic pain relief, and show no conditioned preference in pains absence. Octopuses are thus the first invertebrate shown to experience pain. One sentence summaryA cognitive test demonstrating the emotional component of pain in mammals reveals the first example of pain in any invertebrate.
Matching journals
The top 6 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.
Similar papers in this journal
- Pharmacological or genetic targeting of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels can disrupt the planarian escape response 92%
- Impaired trigeminal control of ingestive behavior in the Prrxl1- / - mouse is associated with a lemniscal-biased orosensory deafferentation 91%
- Experimental nerve block study on painful withdrawal reflex responses in humans 91%
Similar papers in this journal
- Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is caused by epidermal ROS and mitochondrial damage through conserved MMP-13 activation 91%
- ATP signaling in the integrative neural center of Aplysia californica 91%
- Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Neurons in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Differentially Influence Pain Processing and Modulation in Male and Female Mice 91%
Similar papers in this journal
- Contextual control of conditioned pain tolerance and endogenous analgesic systems: Evidence for sex-based differences in endogenous opioid engagement 92%
- A 'double-edged' role for type-5 metabotropic glutamate receptors in pain disclosed by light-sensitive drugs 92%
- Pruriception and neuronal coding in nociceptor subtypes in human and nonhuman primates 92%
Similar papers in this journal
- Vinorelbine causes a neuropathic pain-like state in mice via STING and MNK1 signaling associated with type I interferon induction. 92%
- Astrocyte-induced firing in primary afferent axons 89%
- The evolution of cold nociception in drosophilid larvae and identification of a neural basis for cold acclimation 89%
"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.