Evidence suggests a novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulatory system exists in human nerves
Pessa, J. E.
Show abstract
Evidence from a 5-year study including 150 fresh human cadaver dissections, microsurgery, fluorescent microinjections, immunohistochemistry and confocal imaging suggests a novel CSF circulatory system exists in human nerves. We introduced this system in 2017. Here we provide further evidence to support our conclusion. No previous manuscript, text, or atlas has identified a CSF circulatory system in nerves. The human nervous system is devoid of lymphatics. CSF vessels in human nerves are distinct from blood vessels and lymphatics; may be a remnant of the primitive circulatory system in multi-cellular organisms; and likely predate the vascular circulation in animals.
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