SNF1-related protein kinase 2 directly regulate group C Raf-like protein kinases in abscisic acid signaling
Kamiyama, Y.; Hirotani, M.; Ishikawa, S.; Minegishi, F.; Katagiri, S.; Takahashi, F.; Nomoto, M.; Ishikawa, K.; Kodama, Y.; Tada, Y.; Takezawa, D.; Peck, S. C.; Shinozaki, K.; Umezawa, T.
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ABSTRUCTA phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has a major role in abiotic stress responses in plants, and subclass III SNF1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) mediates ABA signaling. In this study, we identified Raf36, a group C Raf-like protein kinase in Arabidopsis, as an interacting protein with SnRK2. A series of reverse genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that Raf36 negatively regulates ABA responses and is directly phosphorylated by SnRK2s. In addition, we found that Raf22, another C-type Raf-like kinase, functions partially redundantly with Raf36 to regulate ABA responses. Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis using Arabidopsis wild-type and raf22raf36-1 plants identified proteins that are phosphorylated downstream of Raf36 and Raf22 in planta. Together, these results reveal a novel subsection of ABA-responsive phosphosignaling pathways branching from SnRK2.
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