Continual inactivation of stem cell functional identity genes stabilizes progenitor commitment

Expansion of the pool of stem cells that indirectly generate differentiated cells through intermediate progenitors drives vertebrate brain evolution. Due to a lack of lineage information, mechanistic investigation of the competency of stem cells to generate intermediate progenitors remains impossible. Fly larval brain neuroblasts provide excellent in vivo models for investigating the regulation of stem cell functionality during neurogenesis. Type II neuroblasts undergo indirect neurogenesis by dividing asymmetrically to generate a neuroblast and a progeny that commits to an intermediate progenitor (INP) identity. We identified Tailless (Tll) as the master regulator that maintains type II neuroblast functional identity, including the competency to generate INPs. Successive inactivation during INP commitment inhibits tll activation by Notch, preventing INPs from reacquiring neuroblast functionality. We propose that the continual inactivation of neural stem cell functional identity genes by histone deacetylation allows intermediate progenitors to stably commit to generating diverse differentiated cells during indirect neurogenesis.