Perceptual modulation of parietal activity during urgent saccadic choices

The lateral intraparietal cortex (LIP) contributes to visuomotor transformations for determining where to look next. However, its spatial selectivity can signify attentional priority, motor planning, perceptual discrimination, or other mechanisms. Resolving how this LIP signal influences a perceptually guided choice requires knowing exactly when such signal arises and when the perceptual evaluation informs behavior. To achieve this, we recorded single-neuron activity while monkeys performed an urgent choice task for which the perceptual evaluations progress can be tracked millisecond by millisecond. The evoked presaccadic responses were strong, exhibited modest motor preference, and were only weakly modulated by sensory evidence. This modulation was remarkable, though, in that its time course preceded and paralleled that of behavioral performance (choice accuracy), and it closely resembled the statistical definition of confidence. The results indicate that, as the choice process unfolds, LIP dynamically combines attentional, motor, and perceptual signals, the former being much stronger than the latter.