OSS-DBS v2: Simulation Platform for Biophysical Modelling of Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established therapy for various neurological disorders. Clinical outcomes of DBS depend on electrode placement and stimulation programming, with growing evidence suggesting that targeting specific sites and networks can improve therapeutic efficacy. This targeting can be facilitated using high-accuracy, multi-modal biophysical models. In this article, we present the open-source platform OSS-DBS v2 that enables researchers and clinicians to build such biophys- ical models. Building upon previous work, the new version combines automated volume conductor generation, accurate and efficient electric field modelling and stimulation-driven neural simulations. OSS-DBS v2 provides an extensive library of intracranial electrodes, which can be modelled simul- taneously to test complex stimulation paradigms. Its application programming interface facilitates integration of external data workflows, such as impedance measurements. Furthermore, an integration with the Lead-DBS toolbox offered a straightforward graphical user interface for stimulation volume and pathway activation modelling, further complemented by an optimization framework. OSS-DBS v2 relies entirely on open-source software, supports all major operating systems and is designed for efficient execution on consumer-grade hardware.