Colloidal DNA nanoaggregates applied towards file-partitioning for information storage and dynamic data obfuscation

The molecular programmability of nucleic acids has facilitated the development of architected DNA/RNA nanostructures and their applications in novel materials and technologies. We report how different types of DNA and RNA nanoaggregates, bundling digital information encoded into oligo libraries, can be formed by manipulating the ionic strength of the solution. As DNA or RNA suspensions are immersed in solutions of increasing salt concentrations, we observe the onset of aggregation. Further increase in ionic strength leads to the formation of stable, reproducible, and well-defined aggregates. We show that these nanoaggregates are kinetically trapped at room temperature, stably partition DNA libraries that encode image files, and support file-specific random access by bundling DNA libraries with unique address oligos. The nanoaggregate files can be disrupted and reformed into scrambled bundles using simple external fluid shear or temperature annealing, rapidly obfuscating the data. We term these nanoaggregates nucleic acid PACKeTs: Partitioned Aggregates of Colloidal DNA/RNA through Kinetic Trapping. Overall, the results demonstrate how gaining fundamental insights into ionic colloidal aggregation enables new forms of manipulation of DNA and RNA libraries. This understanding could lead to novel functionalities including kinetically trapped data partitioning, random access, and data encryption or obfuscation.