Knowledge and misconceptions of the French population regarding medical genetics: a survey of 3,000 respondents

Advances in high-throughput sequencing and genetic research have expanded the role of genetics in medicine and society. Population-based screening programs, including neonatal and preconception testing, are increasingly implemented globally, alongside the rise of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing. The "Genetics and the General Public" Ethics Working Group of the French Federation of Human Genetics (FFGH) assessed knowledge and awareness of genetics within the French population through a nationally representative survey (n=3,013) conducted by the polling firm Ipsos bva. Results indicated that 69% of respondents report an interest in genetics, although their level of knowledge remains limited. Most respondents expressed positive attitudes toward genetics, perceiving it as a major source of hope in healthcare. While a majority indicated willingness to undergo genetic testing for medical purposes, they also reported legitimate concerns regarding the potential results. Despite legal restrictions, 12% reported having ordered a DTC genetic test (5% for genealogical; 5% for medical and 2% for both purposes), and 45% of non-users expressed strong interest in this type of test. Notably, there is a substantial lack of awareness regarding the limitations of these tests and the French legal framework governing their use. These findings highlight critical gaps in public knowledge, emphasizing the need for improved genetic education, including incorporating genetics into school curricula and launching targeted awareness campaigns. These initiatives should help clarify the distinctions between clinically validated genetic tests and DTC genetic testing services, addressing both their benefits and their ethical, legal, and scientific limitations, in order to promote informed decision-making.