Back

Cerebellum-ventral tegmental connectivity as a mechanism-informed target for apathy in schizophrenia

Bolton, T. A. W.; Sinanaj, L.; Velioglu, H. A.; Van De Ville, D.; Kaiser, S.; Cao, H.; Begue, I.

2026-05-22 neurology
10.64898/2026.05.20.26353653 medRxiv
Show abstract

Apathy is a leading driver of functional disability in schizophrenia, yet effective mechanism-based therapies are lacking. We evaluated whether cerebellum-ventral tegmental area functional connectivity (CB-VTA FC) meets the criteria for clinical translation as a therapeutic neuromodulation target. Using resting-state fMRI in three independent repeated-imaging cohorts (healthy controls, early psychosis or chronic schizophrenia patients, minutes-months inter-scan intervals), CB-VTA FC was always stable and individual-specific (stability r=0.52-0.69; differential identifiability {Delta} r=0.21-0.35; all p<10-5). In paravermal cerebellar territories, it tracked apathy severity in two patient cohorts (early psychosis, Crus I/II: n=99; r97=0.36, p=2.65 {middle dot} 10-4; chronic schizophrenia, Lobules VIIB/VIIIA: n=87 scans [65 patients]; t85=4.06, p=1.1 {middle dot} 10-4). In a meta-analysis of 39 randomized controlled transcranial magnetic stimulation trials (n=1,624; 867 active), connectivity of neighboring areas to stimulation site predicted negative symptoms improvement. CB-VTA FC thus emerges as a stable, individual-specific, and symptom-related therapeutically relevant circuit, constituting a mechanism-informed precision neuromodulation target in schizophrenia, ready for prospective clinical trials.

Matching journals

The top 7 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

1
Molecular Psychiatry
282 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
14.8%
2
Nature Communications
5641 papers in training set
Top 20%
8.7%
3
Biological Psychiatry
137 papers in training set
Top 0.4%
6.6%
4
Nature Mental Health
21 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
6.1%
5
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
48 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
5.1%
6
Brain
168 papers in training set
Top 0.7%
4.7%
7
Nature Neuroscience
252 papers in training set
Top 2%
4.2%
50% of probability mass above
8
Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
60 papers in training set
Top 0.2%
4.0%
9
Translational Psychiatry
260 papers in training set
Top 2%
3.1%
10
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
71 papers in training set
Top 0.7%
2.3%
11
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
43 papers in training set
Top 0.2%
2.3%
12
Nature Medicine
125 papers in training set
Top 1%
2.1%
13
Human Brain Mapping
329 papers in training set
Top 3%
2.1%
14
Nature Genetics
286 papers in training set
Top 3%
2.1%
15
Neuropsychopharmacology
153 papers in training set
Top 1%
1.9%
16
Schizophrenia Bulletin
32 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
1.7%
17
Advanced Science
286 papers in training set
Top 5%
1.7%
18
JAMA Psychiatry
15 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
1.6%
19
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2444 papers in training set
Top 32%
1.4%
20
PLOS ONE
5266 papers in training set
Top 56%
1.1%
21
Imaging Neuroscience
282 papers in training set
Top 3%
1.1%
22
eBioMedicine
183 papers in training set
Top 4%
1.1%
23
Brain Communications
166 papers in training set
Top 3%
1.1%
24
NeuroImage: Clinical
144 papers in training set
Top 2%
1.1%
25
Schizophrenia
21 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
1.1%
26
Scientific Reports
3612 papers in training set
Top 70%
1.0%
27
Neuron
337 papers in training set
Top 5%
1.0%
28
Brain Stimulation
125 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.8%
29
Epilepsia
56 papers in training set
Top 0.6%
0.8%
30
Science Advances
1243 papers in training set
Top 31%
0.8%