Metabolic reprogramming and stress mitigation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using protective metal-phenolic networks

Single-cell encapsulation is widely used in biotechnology to protect highly sensitive living cells from environmental stress. However, the impact of encapsulation on biological function and metabolism remain rarely explored despite its importance for understanding stress response and modulating the production of valuable metabolites. Herein, we show that coating individual cells with protective metal-phenolic networks not only improves survival against stress, but also modifies cellular metabolism. Importantly, this encapsulation technique induces a reversible state of quiescence by selective nutrient diffusion and the resulting carbon flux redistribution, which enables accumulation of high-energy-density compounds through selective nutrient diffusion and the resulting carbon flux redistribution. Specifically, light exposure favors the accumulation of nearly eightfold higher starches, while incubation in darkness leads to twofold higher lipid accumulation compared to native cells. This metabolic engineering approach via individual cell encapsulation expands the cell editing toolbox and will facilitate applications in synthetic biology, bioengineering, and cell-based therapeutics. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=184 SRC="FIGDIR/small/711231v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (60K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c4ae06org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7d26faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8a1686org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ccc60d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG