Palliative Care Integrated Into Primary Healthcare Service (Palli Phc) : An Implementation Study In Rohingya Refugee Setting In Coxs Bazar, Bangladesh

In humanitarian crises, health services focus on acute lifesaving care, and the needs of patients with chronic, progressive, and/or life-limiting illnesses are usually neglected. To address this gap, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) has been implementing an integrated palliative care service model: Palliative Care Integrated into Primary Healthcare (PALLI-PHC). This study aims to assess service outputs and patient-level outcomes of the model in the Rohingya refugee camps. PALLI-PHC consists of a service delivery system supported by a health system support chain. The service is delivered at facility and home levels with an established referral pathway, triage and assessment, clinical evaluation, and care planning. The support chain comprises multidisciplinary engagement, health workforce, advocacy and capacity building, financing, community engagement, essential medical logistics, and information management. Between January 2020 and December 2024, the programme delivered 40,776 consultations for a cohort of 11,599 patients. The top conditions managed were stroke, cancers, diabetic complications, hypertensive complications, and COPD. Prevalent symptoms included pain, fatigue, anxiety and worry, depressed mood, shortness of breath, and insomnia. Care was provided through facility-based and home-based services, including pain and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support, rehabilitation, caregiver support, and end-of-life care. Across follow-up visits, mean ESAS-r symptom scores declined significantly and the proportion receiving pain medication increased, although average disability scores also rose modestly over time. This study shows how palliative care can be integrated into primary healthcare in a protracted humanitarian setting and can achieve measurable patient-level improvements, including reduced symptom burden and increased pain medication utilization.