Exudate-Guided Janus Trilayer Bioelectronic Dressing for Multimodal Sensing and Therapy of Chronic Wounds

Chronic wounds remain difficult to treat because conventional dressings and systemic therapies are rarely adjusted in real time to the evolving wound microenvironment. Here, we introduce a soft, wearable wound dressing based on a gradient-wettable Janus trilayer fibrous membrane that combines real-time biochemical sensing, on-demand drug release, and low-voltage electrical stimulation. The three vertically stacked layers separately host a multiplex electrochemical sensor array for pH, glucose, and lactate, a silver-sulfadiazine drug reservoir, and stimulation electrodes, while the wettability gradient drives directional exudate transport that sequentially activates each functional layer. The dressing is thin, breathable, stretchable, and intrinsically self-adhesive, enabling conformal contact and stable signal acquisition on deformable skin without additional tapes. Preclinical tests demonstrate its effectiveness in promoting wound closure, reducing infection, and providing continuous feedback on wound status. This integrated system represents a promising direction for next-generation wound care solutions and regenerative medicine.