Quality of life among adults with diabetes and hypertension in primary care outreach clinics in urban India: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundQuality of life (QoL) is an important outcome for patients with diabetes and hypertension, influenced by disease control and sociodemographic factors. This study assessed QoL and examined its determinants among adults attending community-based primary care outreach clinics in urban slums of Mumbai, India. MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 500 adults ([&ge;]18 years) categorized by disease status: diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), both, or neither was conducted. QoL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF administered in local languages. Data on demographics, clinical variables, and QoL were collected electronically. Descriptive statistics, bivariate testing, and multivariable linear regression were performed. ResultsMean age was 55.6 years (SD 13.5); 61% were female. Older age and female sex were significantly associated with lower QoL scores in physical, psychological, and environmental domains (p < 0.05). Poorly controlled DIABETES MELLITUS or HT correlated with significantly lower mental health-related QoL (p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses identified age, sex, income, smoking, disease status, and medication burden as independent QoL predictors. ConclusionsQoL among adults with diabetes and hypertension in urban slums is negatively affected by older age, female gender, disease control, and socioeconomic factors. Integrated clinical and social interventions are vital to improve patient-centered outcomes.