Ask your big brothers and sisters! A study protocol on multidisciplinary exploratory research into a preventive community youth empowerment program using biopsychosocial measures

IntroductionChildren growing up in adversity often experience setbacks and toxic chronic stress. Throughout the particularly vulnerable developmental phase of adolescence, chronic stress can lead to significant mental and physical repercussions. However, these adverse outcomes can also be prevented or alleviated. There are indications that preventive programs with an integrated approach can contribute to reducing chronic stress. Big Brother, Big Sister (BBBS) is a preventive community Youth Empowerment Program implemented in low socio-economic status neighborhoods. Developed by and for young people, it empowers participants to reconnect with education and employment through professionally facilitated peer group activities. The program is embedded in local networks. Main objectivesTo assess the applicability of the following biopsychosocial outcome measures--stress(ful life events), subjective psychological well-being, and social participation--within a diverse group of young people in vulnerable positions engaged in the BBBS program. Additionally, to provide insight into how these outcomes change over time. Methods and MaterialsThis exploratory quantitative study has an observational design with three measurements (at the onset of the program, after 6 months of participation and at outflow). Approximately 80 young people aged 14 to 27 will participate in this study. Various methods will be utilized to assess outcomes; questionnaires will be completed (i.e. the Perceived Stress Scale; Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale, Stressful Life Events Scale, social participation and general background (hair) characteristics questionnaires), and hair samples will be collected to conduct cortisol and cortisone analyses, as proxy for prolonged physiological stress. DiscussionThe multidisciplinary collaboration of partners within the research group combined with the biopsychosocial approach of this study is innovative and provides opportunities for cross-domain learning and collaboration to pursue (research) opportunities for evidence-based (early life) stress prevention and improvement of psychological well-being during the critical developmental phase of adolescence.