Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Foot Self-Care Among Diabetic Patients in the West Bank, Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundDiabetic foot complications are a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and healthcare costs worldwide, yet they are largely preventable through proper self-care. In Palestine, evidence on patient adherence to recommended practices is scarce. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of foot self-care among adults with diabetes in the West Bank and to identify factors associated with adherence. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 diabetic patients attending primary care clinics across the West Bank. Data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire covering knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Statistical analyses included reliability testing, factor analysis, bivariate correlations, and multivariable regression models to identify independent predictors of adherence. ResultsAdherence to recommended foot care practices was generally low, with only 13% of participants reporting daily engagement in all recommended behaviors. While daily foot washing was widely practiced (80.9%), preventive measures were less consistent: 33.1% inspected their feet daily, 45.1% dried between toes, and 40.3% inspected shoes. Risky practices were also common, including foot soaking (28.6%), barefoot walking (20.2%), and wearing shoes without socks (15.9%). Reliability testing of the foot care scale revealed poor internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha = 0.39), suggesting a multidimensional structure. Multivariable regression showed that higher education (adjusted B = -4.05 for no schooling vs. undergraduate, p = 0.049), higher income (B = +3.91, p = 0.028), and longer diabetes duration (B = +1.02 per 5 years, p = 0.035) were associated with better adherence. Male sex was linked to lower adherence (OR 0.46, p = 0.017). Exposure to structured education and professional foot examinations also strongly predicted improved practices. ConclusionAdherence to preventive foot self-care among diabetic patients in the West Bank is suboptimal, particularly in practices directly related to ulcer prevention. Socioeconomic disparities, health literacy, and limited clinical reinforcement emerged as key barriers. Culturally tailored education, structured provider counseling, and policy-level interventions are urgently needed to reduce the burden of diabetic foot disease in Palestine.