Engaging Racialized Newcomers in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management: A Scoping Review of Health Promotion Interventions

BackgroundHealth promotion programs targeting chronic disease prevention and management (CDPM) are crucial for mitigating the growing the burden of chronic disease and addressing health disparities and preventable risk factors in diverse populations. Racialized newcomers face a disproportionate risk of chronic disease and encounter barriers in accessing healthcare and engaging fully in such programs, hence further compounding health disparities. Engagement is defined as a multifaceted concept that frames involvement through the lens of recruitment, retention, adherence and full participation in an intervention. While culturally tailored programs have demonstrated promise once individuals are engaged, there is a gap in literature synthesizing engagement strategies for these populations in CDPM interventions. ObjectiveThis scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on the engagement strategies used in CDPM interventions for racialized newcomers in Western countries. MethodsWe followed Arksey & OMalleys (2005) framework along with refinements by Levac et al. (2010), screening 3,898 articles across multiple databases. Data were extracted using the Elicit AI tool along with verification of extraction from research team members. Descriptive analysis summarized findings. ResultsForty-eight studies were included. Most studies focused on Hispanic/Latino and East/Southeast Asian populations in the USA. Common engagement strategies included culturally tailored content, use of community health workers (CHWs), accessible materials, financial incentives, flexibility, and co-creation with community input. ConclusionCulturally relevant and community-driven strategies, including CHWs, and creative and flexible program formats, are key to engaging racialized newcomers in health promotion programs. Addressing barriers and involving communities in program design can improve participation and outcomes in chronic disease prevention and management.