A Rapid Review of Advance Care Planning Interventions, Strategies, and Communication Approaches in Dementia Care

Advance care planning is essential for aligning future care with the values and preferences of people living with dementia and their families. Challenges from people with dementias fluctuating mental capacity, gradual decline and healthcare professionals limited advance care planning knowledge and skills remain to enable people with dementia to fully engage with the process; tailored interventions are needed. This rapid review synthesised evidence on advance care planning interventions, communication strategies and health-related outcomes in dementia care. Following Cochranes guidance for rapid reviews, we searched CINAHL, Cochrane Central, PubMed, and Web of Science through May 2025. After duplicate removal, title-abstract and full-text screening were conducted in Covidence with dual independent reviewers. Data extraction and quality assessment, using Joanna Briggs Institute tools, employed a single-reviewer approach with verification by second reviewer. Twenty-five studies from 2015-2025 across 12 countries met inclusion criteria. Included articles were of quantitative designs (n=15), qualitative (n=5) and mixed methods (n=4). Interventions fell into three categories: video as decision aids; web-based tools; and multicomponent programmes combining education, structured discussions, and documentation support for people with dementia, families and healthcare professionals. Primary outcomes consistently showed increased advance care planning uptake. Certain secondary outcomes--carer burden, cost of care, carers sense of competence, hospitalisation rates, quality-adjusted life year, quality of life of people with dementia, rate of burdensome treatments--demonstrated mixed results. Communication strategies identified included embedding relevant theories such as relational autonomy and shared decision-making frameworks for advance care planning process. Study quality ranged from poor (n=8) to high (n=6). Common limitations include small sample sizes, unclear randomisation and allocation processes and limited reflexivity in qualitative research. These findings suggest that contextually tailored advance care planning interventions improve uptake but require standardised outcomes and broader cultural adaptation to comprehensively assess impacts on health outcomes.