Sequencing of α-synuclein Intrinsically Disordered Protein in MoS2 Nanopores

-synuclein is an intrinsically disordered protein composed of 140 amino acids that adopts multiple conformations and is prone to aggregate into {beta}-sheet-rich structures, which are hallmarks of Parkinsons disease. Moreover, missense mutations in -synuclein are related to familial forms of this neurodegenerative disorder, making their detection at the single-molecule level essential. Recently, protein sequencing using solid-state nanopores has emerged as a powerful, label-free approach for single-molecule sensing with high sensitivity. Atomically thin two-dimensional materials, such as MoS2, provide ideal platforms for sequencing applications due to their ultimate thinness and enhanced spatial resolution. However, protein sequencing using 2D materials remains challenging because of rapid translocation speeds, which limit the observation time per molecule. Here, we present extensive all-atom classical molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent of the full translocation of the wild-type -synuclein protein and two pathogenic mutants, i.e. A30P and E46K, through single-layer MoS2 nanopores, for a total duration of more than 22 {micro}s. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first atomistic simulation of a full-length protein sequencing through a 2D solid-state nanopore. From the ionic current traces recorded during simulations, we characterized distinct blockade levels and bumps, as well as their dwell time along the protein sequence at multiple time and sequence length scales. For instance, we provided the sequence motifs that show some particular patterns in the data. Furthermore, we analyzed the volume properties of amino acids inside the pore and identified characteristic blockade fingerprints differentiating the wild-type from the mutant proteins. These pioneering results pave the way for future experimental studies, offering a roadmap for validating 2D nanopore-based protein sequencing and biomarker detection with single-molecule resolution.