Discrepancy between knowledge and practice of self-medication among adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh in 2023

IntroductionSelf-medication, while convenient for managing minor illnesses, poses significant public health risks when practiced without adequate knowledge or oversight. In Bangladesh, especially in urban areas, self-medication is widespread due to limited healthcare access and weak pharmaceutical regulation. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of self-medication among urban adult residents in Dhaka, Bangladesh. MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2023 in Badda, Dhaka. A total of 361 adults who attempted to purchase medications without a prescription were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests for associations. ResultsAmong participants, 54.8% reported self-medicating within the past three months. Commonly treated ailments included cough, headache, and acidity. Analgesics, antiulcerants, and antibiotics were frequently used. While 64.8% claimed knowledge of the medicines used, many modified dosages or discontinued treatment early. Notably, 41.3% experienced side effects. Although 85.3% believed self-medication was harmful, the practice persisted due to convenience and cost barriers. Higher education was significantly associated with greater awareness of medication side effects (p = 0.002). ConclusionDespite general awareness of risks, self-medication remains prevalent and often unsafe among urban adults in Dhaka. Strengthening public education, regulatory enforcement, and healthcare access is essential to promote safer self-care behaviors.