Back

Deep Learning for Freezing of Gait Assessment using Inertial Measurement Units: A Multicentre Study

Yang, P.-K.; Carlon, J.; Goris, M.; Klaver, E.; Nonnekes, J.; van Wezel, R. J. A.; Alcock, L.; Yarnall, A. J.; Rochester, L.; Hansen, C.; Schlenstedt, C.; Maetzler, W.; Buzaglo, D.; Brozgol, M.; Hausdorff, J. M.; Nieuwboer, A.; Gilat, M.; Ginis, P.; Vanrumste, B.; Filtjens, B.

2025-06-30 health informatics
10.1101/2025.06.27.25330405 medRxiv
Show abstract

Video annotation is the gold-standard method to assess Freezing of Gait (FOG) in Parkinsonian disorders, but it is time-consuming. Deep learning (DL)-based assessment of FOG using inertial measurement units ameliorates these problems but poses challenges. Particularly, the large heterogeneity between patients and assessment methods potentially affects detection performance between independent cohorts. To evaluate heterogeneity effects, we developed a DL model on a local cohort (85 participants; 2043 trials) and validated it across six external cohorts (256 participants; 1058 trials). Model-expert agreement on the percentage-of-time-frozen was strong locally (ICC=0.886 [0.79,0.90]) but reduced in external cohorts (ICC=0.562{+/-}0.141). Fine-tuning the DL model with just 50 minutes of external cohort data improved the ICC to 0.732{+/-}0.138, falling within the borderline of the inter-rater agreement (ICC=0.73-0.99). Therefore, while unified standards are still being developed, we propose an expert-in-the-loop workflow as an effective intermediary and present a proof-of-concept web-based platform for fine-tuning and expert review (aidfog.be).

Published in npj Parkinson's Disease (predicted rank #4) · training set

Matching journals

The top 2 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

50% of probability mass above

"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.