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Triad-LMF: A Hierarchical Low-Rank Multimodal Fusion Framework for Robust Cancer Subtype Classification Using Multi-Omics Data

Tan, X.; Chen, X.; Ren, Z.; Tian, R.; Jiang, M.; Yang, D.; Guo, X.

2025-05-19 bioinformatics
10.1101/2025.05.15.653805 bioRxiv
Show abstract

Cancer heterogeneity poses a major challenge for accurate molecular subtype classification. Conventional methods often fail to exploit complementary information across multiple omics modalities, leading to overfitting on high-dimensional data and limited representation of subtype heterogeneity. To address this, we propose Triad-LMF, a multiomics integration framework based on low-rank multimodal fusion to improve classification accuracy. Triad-LMF harmonizes heterogeneous omics data and integrates information through a two-stage hierarchical fusion strategy. Local Pairwise Fusion and Global Triadic Fusion are combined via the Two-Feature and Three-Way LMF modules, enabling a gradual transition from local modality interactions to global feature integration. Experimental results show that Triad-LMF consistently outperforms existing methods. UMAP visualization confirms enhanced subtype separability, and SHAP-based analysis highlights biologically meaningful features. Across independent datasets, Triad-LMF demonstrates strong generalization, offering a robust and interpretable framework for multiomics-driven cancer subtype classification.

Published in BMC Bioinformatics (predicted rank #9) · training set

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