Impact of extending lockdown on COVID-19 dynamic during 2021 in London: a mathematical modelling study

This study examines the potential effects of extending Londons third COVID-19 lockdown for an entire year (January-December 2021) using a deterministic SEAIRD compartmental model. The research compares real-world COVID-19 case data with simulated outcomes under prolonged lockdown conditions. Key findings show that, in the real-world scenario, cases peaked on December 29, 2021, with over 36,000 daily infections, whereas in the simulation, strict lockdown measures led to near elimination of cases within 171 days. The simulated attack rate (0.085%) and cumulative incidence (7,517 cases) were significantly lower than real-world values (14.11% and 1.24 million cases, respectively). The study highlights the effectiveness of strict public health interventions in controlling viral spread but also acknowledges the trade-offs, such as economic and social disruptions. These insights contribute to discussions on pandemic response strategies and the balance between containment measures and societal well-being. IMPACTSO_LIThe study demonstrates how long-term lockdowns can effectively reduce the spread of contagious diseases, highlighting the importance of timely and strict public health interventions. C_LIO_LIIt reveals the significant gap between real-world and simulated pandemic outcomes, showing that stricter measures could have substantially limited case numbers and fatalities. C_LIO_LIThe research underscores the trade-offs of pandemic management, emphasizing the need for a balance between controlling infections and minimizing the social and economic impacts of containment measures. C_LI