Reverse-Engineering the Benefits of Stereotypies in Autism: Vibrating Vest Design

ObjectiveIndividuals with autism may perform repetitive or stereotyped rhythmic movements known as "stereotypies" or "stims." Per first-person reports, stereotypies provide benefits including sensory and emotional regulation. These movements are not often convenient to engage in and for some may be self-injurious. We propose the design of a device that discreetly provides rhythmic stimulation through vibrating motors that are incorporated into a vest designed to be worn under clothing. MethodsWe designed a vest that provides sensory stimulation through vibrations from 18 coin motors arranged on the interior surface of a compression vest. The vibration frequency and duty cycle are controlled by the user via a Bluetooth smartphone application, allowing them to optimize the stimulation for their unique needs. The vest is designed to be worn discreetly under the users clothing. It is rechargeable and can be used at full power for up to 4 hours. We performed experiments to quantify target values for the vibration pressure, signal frequency, signal duty cycle, battery life, noise level, and temperature. ResultsOur device accurately controls frequency and duty cycle with marginal error and meets all our engineering requirements except for battery life. It also conforms to ethical and regulatory guidelines. ConclusionFuture work, such as variable device weight, pressure and temperature control, and vibration patterns synchronized to music, could refine the product and deliver more value to the user. Significance: We have designed a vest using vibration to provide rhythmic sensory input to supplement the benefits of stereotyped movements.