Effectiveness of Social Networks in Enhancing the Uptake of Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT) in Malaria-Prone Zones of Kenya

IntroductionMalaria remains a critical health challenge in Kenya, particularly among children under five years who are highly vulnerable to its complications. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. However, their uptake varies due to socio-economic inequalities, geographic disparities, and the influence of social networks. Understanding how social interactions, particularly those mediated by religious affiliations, impact ACT uptake can inform strategies to improve malaria treatment outcomes in malaria-prone regions. MethodsThis study utilized data from the Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey (KMIS) 2020, employing a cross-sectional design and stratified two-stage cluster sampling. Data on malaria prevalence, treatment-seeking behavior, and ACT usage were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The analysis focused on socio-demographic factors, geographic differences, and the role of social networks mediated through religious affiliations. ResultsACT uptake among children under five was 52%. Male children were less likely to receive ACTs, with probabilities 6.3% lower in rural areas and 3.1% lower in urban areas. Younger children in rural areas, particularly those aged one, had a 5.7% higher likelihood of ACT usage, while uptake declined with age. Caregivers education significantly enhanced ACT uptake in rural areas, increasing the likelihood by 25%. Rural Muslim households were 17.2% more likely to use ACTs, while urban Christian households showed modest improvements. Wealth disparities also affected uptake, with wealthier urban households less likely to use ACTs. ConclusionThe study highlights the critical role of social networks, particularly religious affiliations, in shaping ACT uptake in malaria-prone zones of Kenya. Addressing barriers to access through these networks offers a promising avenue for increasing ACT utilization and improving health outcomes. Leveraging community-driven approaches and religious institutions could enhance equitable malaria treatment coverage across vulnerable populations.