Multimorbidity Management: A scoping review of comprehensive interventions for multimorbidity outcomes.

BackgroundMultimorbidity, defined as the co-occurrence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual, has emerged as a worldwide public health concern contributing to mortality and morbidity. With a prevalence estimated at 37% globally, this complex health phenomenon is increasingly affecting populations as they age. Despite the growing burden of multimorbidity, the development and implementation of interventions published by scholars are still in their early stages with significant variability in strategies and outcomes. ObjectivesThe review aims to synthesize interventions designed to manage and mitigate multimorbidity and explore a range of approaches, including pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, care coordination models, and technological innovations. MethodsThe scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist. It included about 1,227,906 individuals with multimorbidity, with 199,413 being male (16.2%) and 1,028,493 (83.8%) female participants. Multimorbidity interventions were defined as strategies or programs designed to manage and improve the health and quality of life of individuals with multiple chronic conditions. ResultsThe final analysis included 101 articles from 3119 published between 2012 and 2024. Themes on the need for lifestyle and behavioural interventions, patient empowerment and engagement, multimorbidity management, health integration, pharmacotherapy optimization, community and policy interventions, healthcare system improvements, technology and digital health, as well as research and evidence-based practice interventions, emerged. ConclusionThe reviewed literature emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinary approaches to effectively combat the escalating pandemic of multimorbidity.