Impacts of Habitat Transformation on Amphibian and Reptile Communities in a Heterogeneous Andean Landscape

The Andean region of Colombia is recognized for its exceptional biodiversity and high levels of endemism, particularly among amphibians and reptiles. However, this region faces significant challenges due to habitat loss and fragmentation driven by agricultural activities, urbanization, and livestock farming. This study evaluates the effects of habitat alterations on herpetofaunal communities within the Sumapaz province, focusing on three habitat types: secondary Andean forests, coffee plantations, and open areas associated with low-intensity livestock farming. We also compiled a comprehensive inventory of 85 species based on fieldwork conducted (2021-2022) and biodiversity databases, recognizing 35 amphibians and 50 reptiles for the region. We found that forests support the highest richness and diversity of species, while open areas exhibited greater reptile abundance. Crops showed lower biodiversity but demonstrated potential as secondary habitats for certain species. These findings highlight the importance of preserving forested areas and designing mixed-use landscapes to promote biodiversity and maintain ecological functions. This study provides a baseline for future conservation strategies in the Sumapaz region.