Shared and unique lifetime stressor characteristics and brain networks predict adolescent anxiety and depression

BackgroundExposure to major life stressors and aberrant brain functioning have been related to anxiety and depression, especially during adolescence. However, whether these associations differ based on the specific characteristics of the stressors experienced, and/or the functional networks engaged, remains unclear. MethodsWe used baseline lifetime stressor exposure and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from a longitudinal sample of 150 adolescents enriched for anxiety and depressive disorders. We examined the cumulative lifetime stressor frequency and severity of five stressor characteristics: physical danger, interpersonal loss, humiliation, entrapment, and role change/disruption. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at three time points: baseline, 6-month and 12-month follow-ups. Linear mixed-effect models tested if the lifetime frequency and severity of these stressor characteristics and functional connectivity within and between frontoparietal, default, and ventral attention networks at baseline predicted anxiety and depression symptoms at three time points. ResultsLifetime frequency and severity of humiliation and entrapment predicted both anxiety and depression symptoms. Lifetime frequency and severity of entrapment exposures predicted anxiety and depression symptoms after accounting for baseline depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Resting-state functional connectivity between default, frontoparietal and ventral attention networks did not predict either anxiety or depression symptoms after correcting for multiple comparisons. ConclusionsOur study highlights lifetime exposures to humiliation and entrapment stressors as central stressor characteristics predictive of prospective anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence. Our results also suggest that resting-state functional connectivity within and between default, frontoparietal and ventral attention networks may be relatively weak predictors of prospective anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescence.