Protocol for the Feasibility and Acceptability of Mentalization-based Treatment for Early Adolescents With Depression: A Short-Term Psychotherapy Approach for Patients and Families

BackgroundApproximately 13.4% of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from depression, with early onset often manifesting before the age of 14 and disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups. The prevalence of adolescent depression has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, with significant long-term impacts on development, social functioning, and academic performance. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT), particularly the MBT-A model tailored for adolescents, has shown promise in addressing depression by increasing mentalizing capacity. This study explores the feasibility and acceptability of a short-term MBT-A intervention that incorporates both individual and family components to address depression in early adolescents. MethodsThis feasibility pilot study will recruit 15 adolescents aged 10--14 years who are diagnosed with mild to moderate depression from primary healthcare centers and psychological care clinics in Valparaiso, Chile. The participants will undergo a 12-session MBT-A intervention, which is structured into three phases: joint understanding of the problem, intensive promotion of mentalization, and evaluation of the process. Outcomes will be assessed through mixed methods, including quantitative measures (e.g., recruitment rate, adherence rate, effect size on depressive symptoms) and qualitative interviews with patients, families, and therapists. Discussion: Fostering mentalization in adolescents with depression may reduce depressive symptoms and enhance emotional regulation, benefiting both individuals and their families. This study aims to provide preliminary data to inform the planning of a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). By incorporating family components, the intervention not only addresses individual symptoms but also promotes supportive family dynamics, which are crucial for sustaining therapeutic gains. This pilot study will identify practical aspects of implementing MBT-A and gather essential data on its feasibility and potential efficacy in a real-world setting.