Tuberculosis-Associated Respiratory Disability in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis

BackgroundApproximately 2% of the global population has survived tuberculosis (TB). Increasing evidence indicates that a significant proportion of pulmonary TB survivors develop TB-associated respiratory disability, commonly referred to as post-TB lung disease (PLTD) and marked by impaired respiratory function, persistent symptoms, and activity limitations. However, the prevalence, risk factors, and progression of TB-associated respiratory disability throughout the life course are not well understood. To address these gaps, we will undertake a systematic review and individual participant-level data meta-analysis (IPD-MA) focusing on TB-associated respiratory disability in children, adolescents, and adults successfully treated for pulmonary TB. Methods and analysisWe will systematically search MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Index Medicus, and medRxiv for original studies investigating TB-associated respiratory disability in people of all ages who have completed treatment for microbiologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed pulmonary TB. Authors of eligible studies will be invited to contribute de-identified data and form a collaborative group. Primary outcomes will be (1) abnormal lung function based on spirometry parameters and (2) chronic respiratory symptoms. We will estimate the overall and subgroup-specific prevalence of each outcome through IPD meta-analysis. Next, we will develop clinical prediction tools assessing the risk of future TB-associated respiratory disability at (i) the start of TB treatment and (ii) end of TB treatment for those without existing signs of disability. Finally, we will use stepwise hierarchical modelling to identify epidemiological determinants of respiratory disability. Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the ethics review boards at the Rhode Island Hospital (2138217-2) and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (2024-10345). Individual study authors will be required to obtain institutional approval prior to sharing data. Results will be disseminated through open-access, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Prospero registration numberCRD42024529906 Strengths and limitations of this studyO_LIAn individual participant data meta-analysis allows for data harmonization to help overcome limitations of individual studies and aggregate meta-analysis, including small sample size, heterogeneity, and limited reporting of subgroups, such as age and other risk factors. C_LIO_LIWe will be able to identify weaknesses in current reporting and recommend standards to support high-quality data collection and facilitate pooling of data. C_LIO_LIKey limitations include authors willingness to share data, representativeness of data contributed, and missing data. C_LIO_LIWe will build an ongoing data collection platform to allow updating of evidence. C_LIO_LIResults will have implications for public health, clinical trial design, and clinical practice to support TB survivors. C_LI