Teleworking and health in an epidemic context: contrasting the infectious and non-communicable diseases perspectives

1.ObjectivesIn a global context of increasing telework, this study explores its health effects, to determine if there is an optimal teleworking frequency during an epidemic. We aim to quantify the relationship between teleworking frequency and both infectious disease (ID) transmission and non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. MethodsWe developed a mathematical model simulating ID transmission and NCD acquisition in a medium-sized company, analysing how different teleworking levels impact workers health. We conducted a rapid literature review to identify potential exposure-response relationships between teleworking and NCD risk and inform this model. We then simulated infection dynamics over a three-month epidemic wave to contrast ID and NCD risks in relation to the extent of telework engagement. ResultsEvidence from the literature showed varying patterns of NCD risk across different teleworking frequencies. Depending on these relationships, we observed that risk may peak at low, intermediate, or high teleworking levels. We demonstrated the existence of a benefit-risk balance between reducing ID transmission and potentially increasing NCD burden. ConclusionsOur study highlights that the definition of an "optimal" teleworking frequency to maximise health benefits is inconsistent, and depends on the NCD considered. Effective teleworking strategies must consider both ID prevention and the risk of NCDs, and weigh these health impacts accordingly to optimise societal health outcomes.