Seasonal analysis of leaf antioxidant activity in Colombian elite Hevea brasiliensis genotypes as a breeding strategy to enhance water deficit tolerance under Amazonian environmental conditions

This study evaluated the foliar antioxidant activity in nine Hevea brasiliensis genotypes from the ECC-1 (Elite Caqueta Colombia) selection and the IAN 873 cultivar (control) in trees in the growth stage in two large-scale clonal trials in response to different climatic (semi-humid warm and humid warm sites) and seasonal (dry and rainy periods) conditions in the Colombian Amazon. The results indicated that ROS production increased under conditions of lower water availability (dry period), leading to lipid peroxidation, high defense of photosynthetic pigments, and development of better osmotic adjustment capacity in the ECC 64, IAN 873, ECC 90, and ECC 35 genotypes due to high concentrations of carotenoids (0.40 mg g-1), reducing sugars (65.83 {micro}g mg-1), and MDA (2.44 nmol ml-1). In contrast, during the rainy period, a post-stress action was observed due to high contents of proline and total sugars (39.43 {micro}g g-1 and 173.03 {micro}g g-1, respectively). At the site level, with high PAR values (1143 moles photons m-2 s-1), temperature (32.11 {degrees}C), and lower precipitation (135 mm), higher antioxidant activity (chlorophylls a, b and total, carotenoids, and proline) was recorded at the humid warm site, demonstrating that the ECC 90, ECC 64, and ECC 66 genotypes are tolerant to water deficit compared to IAN 873. The ECC 64 genotype, independent of seasonal changes and site conditions, presented the highest contents in Chl a, total Chl, reducing sugars, total sugars, and MDA, showing a tendency to adapt to fluctuating conditions. This study showed that water fluctuations do not cause the same metabolic responses, and these vary intraspecifically, depending on their developmental stage and the climatic and seasonal variations characteristic of the Colombian Amazon.