Prevalence and Associated Factors of Chronic Illness among Adults in Somalia: Findings from the Somali Health and Demographic Survey 2018-2019

BackgroundThe distribution and related determinants of chronic diseases remain poorly characterized in Somalia, despite an emerging burden. The 2018-2019 Somali Health and Demographic Survey (SHDS) offers an opportunity to address evidence gaps regarding chronic conditions in Somalia. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic illnesses and analyze related sociodemographic factors among adults aged [≥]18 years in Somalia using data from the SHDS. MethodsThe analysis was conducted using cross-sectional SHDS data gathered from 31,198 households. Prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases was evaluated for the adult sample (n=23,485). Multivariable logistic regression examined sociodemographic factors associated with having a chronic condition. ResultsApproximately one in twelve adults (8.3%, 95% CI 7.9-8.6) had at least one chronic condition, with greater prevalence among women, urban dwellers, older individuals, and those having secondary education or higher. The most prevalent conditions were hypertension (26%), arthritis (15%), diabetes (11%), and asthma (8%). Advanced age, female gender, urban residence, and elevated wealth status were associated with higher likelihood of having a chronic disease. ConclusionsChronic diseases affect a substantial proportion of Somali adults, with heightened prevalence among growing urban populations. Integrative policies and programs are crucial for addressing the increasing burden of chronic conditions in conjunction with demographic changes